Magaca Alaabta: Polyester
Asalka iyo Astaamaha
Fiber polyester, oo badanaa loo yaqaan "polyster".Waa fiber synthetic oo ay samaysay polyester wareeg ah oo laga sameeyay polycondensation of organic diacid and diol, oo gaaban PET fiber, kaas oo iska leh isku dhafka molecular sare.Waxa la allifay 1941, hadda waa noocyada ugu badan ee fiber synthetic.Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee fiber polyester waa iska caabbinta laalaabka iyo ilaalinta qaabku waa mid aad u wanaagsan, oo leh awood sare iyo awoodda soo kabashada laastikada.Its adag waarta, anti - laalaabkii iyo aan - kafeega, aan - timo dhegdheg.
Fiber Polyester (PET) waa nooc ka mid ah fiber synthetic kaas oo ka kooban silsilado kala duwan oo silsilad macromolecular ah oo ay ku xiran yihiin kooxda ester oo lagu miiqayo polymer fiber.Shiinaha, fiilooyinka ka kooban in ka badan 85% polyetylen terephthalate waxaa loo tixraacaa polyester gaaban.Waxaa jira magacyo badan oo caalami ah, sida Dacron ee Maraykanka, Tetoron of Japan, Terlenka ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Lavsan ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti hore, iwm.
Horraantii 1894-kii, Vorlander wuxuu sameeyay polyester-ka miisaanka unugga qaraabo hooseeya oo leh succinyl chloride iyo ethylene glycol.Einkorn wuxuu sameeyay polycarbonate 1898;Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: Polyester-ka la sameeyay sanadaha hore inta badan waa isku-darka alifleyda, miisaankeeda molecular ee qaraabada ah iyo barta dhalaalku way yar tahay, way fududahay in lagu milmo biyaha, markaa ma laha qiimaha fiber-ka dunta.Sannadkii 1941-kii, Whinfield iyo Dickson oo ku sugan Britain waxay soo saareen polyetylen terephthalate (PET) oo ka yimid dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) iyo ethylene glycol (EG), oo ah polymer loo isticmaali karo in lagu soo saaro fiilooyinka leh sifooyin aad u wanaagsan iyadoo la dhalaalayo.Sannadkii 1953, Maraykanku wuxuu markii ugu horreysay sameeyay warshad soo saarta fiber PET, si loo hadlo, fiber PET waa nooc ka mid ah fibre soo daahay oo ka mid ah fiilooyinka synthetic ee waaweyn.
Iyadoo horumarinta isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah, sayniska polymer iyo warshadaha, noocyo kala duwan oo fiilooyinka PET ee wax ku ool ah oo leh sifooyin kala duwan ayaa la sameeyay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay.
Sida polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber iyo polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber leh barti fidsan sare, fiber polyester caraf udgoon oo buuxa oo leh xoog ultra-sare iyo modules sare, iwm: waxa loogu yeero "fibre polyester" waxaa badanaa loo tixraacaa polyetylen terephthalate fiber.
Goobta Codsiga
Fiber Polyester waxay leedahay taxane ah sifooyin aad u wanaagsan, sida xoogga jabinta sare iyo modules laastikada, adkeysi dhexdhexaad ah, saameyn kuleyl heer sare ah, kulayl wanaagsan iyo caabbinta iftiinka.Dhibcaha dhalaalka fiber polyester waa 255 ℃ ama si kale, heerkulka kala guurka galaas oo ku saabsan 70 ℃, in tiro balaadhan oo ah shuruudaha isticmaalka dhamaadka qaab xasiloon, dharka dhaqdo oo xidho iska caabin ah, marka lagu daro, sidoo kale waxa uu leeyahay impedance aad u fiican (sida caabbinta dareeraha organic). , saabuun, saabuun, xal warankiilo, oksidat) iyo sidoo kale iska caabin daxalka wanaagsan, acid daciif ah, alkali, sida xasiloonida, sidaas darteed isticmaalka ballaaran iyo isticmaalka warshadaha.Horumarka degdega ah ee warshadaha batroolka, sidoo kale wax soo saarka fiber polyester si ay u bixiyaan alaabta ceeriin badan oo badan oo raqiis ah, oo ay weheliso kiimikada, farsamada, farsamada gacanta elektarooniga ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay horumarinta technology, sida alaabta ceeriin si ay u soo saaraan, fiber samaynta. iyo habka machining si tartiib tartiib ah u gaadhaan-gaaban, joogto ah, xawaaraha sare iyo automation, polyester fiber waxa uu noqday xawaaraha horumarinta ugu dhaqsiyaha badan, noocyada ugu wax soo saarka ee fiber synthetic.Sannadkii 2010, wax-soo-saarka fiber polyester-ka caalamiga ahi waxa uu gaadhay 37.3 milyan oo tan, taas oo ka dhigan 74% wax-soo-saarka fiber-synthetic ee adduunka oo dhan.
Guryaha Jirka
1) Midabka.Polyester-ka guud ahaan waa indho-beel leh oo leh mecerization.Si loo soo saaro alaab matte ah, ku dar matte TiO2 ka hor inta aan la wareejin;si loo soo saaro alaab cad oo saafi ah, ku dar wakiilka caddeynta;si loo soo saaro xariir midab leh, ku dar midab ama dheeg dhalaalaysa.
2) Qaabka dusha sare iyo qaabka qaybta.Dusha sare ee polyester-ka caadiga ah waa siman yahay oo qaybta iskutallaabtu waxay ku dhowdahay wareegsan.Tusaale ahaan, fiber-ka leh qaabka qaybta gaarka ah, sida saddex xagal, Y-qaabeeya, godan iyo xariir kale oo gaar ah, waxaa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo spinneet qaab gaar ah.
3) Cufnaanta.Marka polyesterku uu yahay mid aan caadi ahayn, cufnaantiisu waa 1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 marka si buuxda loo crystallized.Guud ahaan, polyesterku waxa uu leeyahay crystallinity sare iyo cufnaanta 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3, taas oo la mid ah dhogorta (1.32g/cm3).
4) Heerka soo celinta qoyaanka.Soo celinta qoyaanka polyester-ka ee xaaladda caadiga ah waa 0.4%, oo ka hooseeya kan akril (1% ~ 2%) iyo polyamide (4%).Polyester-ka wuxuu leeyahay hygroscopicity hooseeya, sidaas darteed xoogga qoyan ayaa yaraada, dharkuna waa la dhaqi karaa;Laakiin ifafaalaha korantada ee taagan ayaa halis ah marka la farsameynayo iyo xirashada, neefsashada dharka iyo nadaafadda ayaa liidata.
5) Waxqabadka kulaylka.Barta jilicsan ee T ee polyester-ka waa 230-240 ℃, barta dhalaalka Tm waa 255-265 ℃, barta burburka T waa qiyaastii 300 ℃.Polyesterku wuxuu ku gubi karaa dab, wuu laalaabi karaa oo dhalaali karaa kuul, leh qiiq madow iyo caraf udgoon.
6) Iska caabin khafiif ah.Iska caabbinta iftiinka ayaa ah tan labaad ee kaliya ee fiber akril ah.Iska caabbinta iftiinka dacron waxay la xiriirtaa qaab dhismeedka molecular.Dacron kaliya waxay leedahay xargaha nuugista xooggan ee gobolka mowjadda iftiinka ee 315nm, sidaas darteed xooggeedu wuxuu lumiyaa kaliya 60% ka dib 600h ee iftiinka qorraxda, taas oo la mid ah suufka.
7) Waxqabadka korontada.Polyester wuxuu leeyahay conductivity liidata ay sabab u tahay hygroscopicity hoose, iyo dielectric joogto ah ee kala duwan ee -100 ~ + 160 ℃ waa 3.0 ~ 3.8, taasoo ka dhigaysa insulator aad u fiican.
Guryaha Makaanikada
1) Xoog badan.Xoogga qallalan wuxuu ahaa 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, halka xoogga qoyan uu hoos u dhacay.
2) Kordhinta dhexdhexaadka ah, 20% ~ 50%.
3) Module sare.Ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee fiilooyinka synthetic, modules-ka bilawga ah ee polyester-ka ayaa ah kan ugu sarreeya, kaas oo gaari kara ilaa 14 ~ 17GPa, taas oo ka dhigaysa dharka polyester-ka mid deggan cabbirka, qallafsanaanta, qallafsanaan la'aan iyo adkaysi u leh qurxinta.
4) adkaysi wanaagsan.Balaastinimadu waxay ku dhowdahay tan dhogorta, iyo marka la kordhiyo 5%, waxay ku dhowdahay inay si buuxda u soo kabsato ka dib marka la daadiyo.Sidaa darteed, iska caabbinta laalaabka ee dharka polyester-ka ayaa ka fiican kan dharka kale ee fiber-ka.
5) Xiro iska caabin.Xiritaankeeda caabbinta ayaa ah kan labaad ee kaliya ee naylon, iyo in ka badan fiber-ka kale ee synthetic, caabbinta xidhashadu waa isku mid.
Deganaanshaha Kiimikada
Deganaansho kiimikaad ee polyester-ka waxay inta badan ku xidhan tahay qaabdhismeedka silsiladda kelli.Polyester-ka ayaa iska caabin wanaagsan u leh reagents kale marka laga reebo caabbinta alkali ee liidata.
Iska caabbinta aysidhka.Dacron aad ayuu ugu xasiloon yahay asiidhyada (gaar ahaan asiidhyada organic) waxaana lagu rusheeyaa dareeraha aashitada hydrochloric oo leh jajab tiro dhan 5% at 100 ℃.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-14-2022