Magaca Alaabta: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Asalka iyo Astaamaha
Polyamides, oo caadi ahaan loo yaqaan Nylon, oo leh magaca Ingiriisiga ee Polyamide (PA) iyo cufnaanta 1.15g/cm3, waa xabagyo heerkulbeeg ah oo leh koox amide soo noqnoqda - [NHCO] - oo ku taal silsiladda molecular ee ugu weyn, oo ay ku jiraan aliphatic PA, aliphatic PA iyo caraf udgoon.
Noocyada Aliphatic PA waa badan yihiin, oo leh wax soo saar ballaaran iyo codsi ballaaran.Magaceeda waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa tirada gaarka ah ee atamka kaarboon ee monomer-ka synthetic.Waxa ikhtiraacay farmashiistaha caanka ah ee reer Maraykan Carothers iyo kooxdiisa cilmi baadhista.
Naylon waa erey loo yaqaan polyamide fiber (polyamide), kaas oo laga samayn karo fiilooyinka dhaadheer ama gaaban.Naylon waa magaca ganacsiga ee fiber polyamide, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Nylon.Polyamide (PA) waa polyamide aliphatic kaas oo ay ku xidhan tahay curaarta amide [NHCO].
Qaab-dhismeedka Molecular
Fiilooyinka naylon ee caadiga ah waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood.
Fasalka polyhexylenediamine adipate waxaa lagu helaa uumi diamine iyo diacid.Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee unugyadeeda silsiladda dheer waa sida soo socota:H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Miisaanka molecular ee qaraabada ah ee nooca polyamide guud ahaan waa 17000-23000.
Alaabooyinka polyamide ee kala duwan ayaa lagu heli karaa iyadoo loo eegayo tirada atomyada kaarboon ee amines binary iyo diacids ee la isticmaalo, waxaana lagu kala saari karaa tirada lagu daray polyamide, taas oo lambarka koowaad uu yahay tirada atomyada kaarboon ee amines binary, iyo tan labaad. nambarku waa tirada atamka kaarboon ee diacids.Tusaale ahaan, polyamide 66 waxay muujinaysaa in lagu sameeyay polycondensation hexylenediamine iyo adipic acid.Nylon 610 waxay tilmaamaysaa in laga sameeyay hexylenediamine iyo sebacic acid.
Midda kale waxaa lagu helaa polycondensation kaprolactam ama polymerization-ka furitaanka.Qaab dhismeedka kiimikaad ee unugyadeeda silsiladda dheer waa sida soo socota:H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Marka loo eego tirada atamka kaarboon ee qaab dhismeedka cutubka, magacyada noocyo kala duwan ayaa la heli karaa.Tusaale ahaan, polyamide 6 waxay muujinaysaa in lagu helay cyclo-polymerization of caprolactam oo ay ku jiraan 6 atamka carbon.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 iyo fiilooyinka kale ee aliphatic polyamide waxay dhamaantood ka kooban yihiin macromolecules toosan oo leh curaarta amide (-NHCO-).Unugyada fiber polyamide waxay leeyihiin -CO-, -NH-kooxaha, waxay samayn karaan bonds hydrogen ee molecules ama molecules, sidoo kale waxaa lagu dari karaa molecules kale, sidaas darteed polyamide fiber hygroscopic awoodda ayaa ka fiican, waxayna samayn kartaa qaab dhismeed ka fiican.
Sababtoo ah -CH2-(methylene) ee ku jira molecule polyamide waxay kaliya soo saari kartaa xoogga van der Waals daciifka ah, silsiladda silsiladda molecular ee qaybta -CH2- waa weyn tahay.Sababo la xiriira tirada kala duwan ee maanta CH2-, foomamka isku xidhka ee curaarta hydrogen-molecular ma aha gebi ahaanba isku mid ah, iyo itimaalka curyaaminta molecular sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay.Intaa waxaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah molecules polyamide waxay leeyihiin toosan.Jihaynta molecules waa ka duwan tahay, iyo sifooyinka qaabdhismeedka fiilooyinka ma aha kuwo isku mid ah.
Qaab-dhismeedka Morfological iyo Codsiga
Fiber-ka polyamide ee lagu helo habka dhalaalidda ayaa leh qayb iskutallaab ah oo wareeg ah oo aan lahayn qaab-dhismeed dheer oo gaar ah.Unugyada fibrillada fibrillada ah waxaa lagu arki karaa mikroskoob elektaroonig ah, iyo ballaca fibriil ee polyamide 66 waa qiyaastii 10-15nm.Tusaale ahaan, fiber polyamide oo leh spinneret qaab gaar ah ayaa laga samayn karaa qaybo gaar ah oo kala duwan, sida geeso badan, qaab caleen, godan iyo wixii la mid ah.Qaab dhismeedkeeda dawladeed waxay si dhow ula xidhiidhaa iskala bixinta iyo daaweynta kulaylka inta lagu jiro wareegitaanka.
Laf-dhabarka makromolecular ee fiilooyinka polyamide ee kala duwan waxay ka kooban yihiin kaarboon iyo atamka nitrogen.
Fiber-qaabeeya waxa uu beddeli karaa dabacsanaanta fiber-ka, waxa uu ka dhigi karaa in fiberku yeesho dhalaal gaar ah iyo hanti wax-buuxa, waxa uu wanaajiyaa hantida faybarka ee haynta iyo awoodda daboolida, iska caabinta kaniiniga, waxa uu yareeyaa korantada taagan iyo wixii la mid ah.Sida fiber saddex xagal ayaa saameyn toos ah leh;Fiber-caleemo ah ayaa leh dhalaal iftiin baruur ah, dareemo gacan oo wanaagsan iyo ka hortagga ka hortagga;Fiber godan sababtoo ah dalool gudaha ah, cufnaanta yar, ilaalinta kulaylka wanaagsan.
Polyamide waxay leedahay sifooyin dhammaystiran oo wanaagsan, oo ay ku jiraan sifooyin farsamo, caabbinta kulaylka, caabbinta abrasion, caabbinta kiimikada iyo is-saliimaynta, iskudhafan hoose oo hooseeya, ololka ilaa xad, habayn fudud, oo ku habboon wax ka beddelka la xoojiyay oo leh fiber galaas iyo buuxinyaal kale, si si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadka iyo ballaarinta baaxadda codsiga.
Polyamide waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, iwm, iyo sidoo kale semi-aromatic PA6T iyo nylon gaar ah oo la sameeyay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-14-2022